In general, when you want to make a slow SELECT ...
WHERE
query faster, the first thing to check is
whether you can add an index. All references between different
tables should usually be done with indexes. You can use the
EXPLAIN
statement to determine which indexes
are used for a SELECT
. See
Sección 7.4.5, “Cómo utiliza MySQL los índices” and Sección 7.2.1, “Sintaxis de EXPLAIN
(Obtener información acerca de
un SELECT
)”.
Some general tips for speeding up queries on
MyISAM
tables:
To help MySQL better optimize queries, use ANALYZE
TABLE
or run myisamchk
--analyze on a table after it has been loaded with
data. This updates a value for each index part that
indicates the average number of rows that have the same
value. (For unique indexes, this is always 1.) MySQL uses
this to decide which index to choose when you join two
tables based on a non-constant expression. You can check the
result from the table analysis by using SHOW INDEX
FROM
and
examining the tbl_name
Cardinality
value.
myisamchk --description --verbose shows
index distribution information.
To sort an index and data according to an index, use myisamchk --sort-index --sort-records=1 (if you want to sort on index 1). This is a good way to make queries faster if you have a unique index from which you want to read all records in order according to the index. Note that the first time you sort a large table this way, it may take a long time.
Ésta es una traducción del manual de referencia de MySQL, que puede encontrarse en dev.mysql.com. El manual de referencia original de MySQL está escrito en inglés, y esta traducción no necesariamente está tan actualizada como la versión original. Para cualquier sugerencia sobre la traducción y para señalar errores de cualquier tipo, no dude en dirigirse a mysql-es@vespito.com.