RM(1)

NAME
rm, unlink - remove directory entries

SYNOPSIS
rm [-dfiIPRrvWx] file ...
unlink file

DESCRIPTION
The rm utility attempts to remove the non-directory type files specified on the command line. If the permissions of the file do not permit writing, and the standard input device is a terminal, the user is prompted (on the standard error output) for confirmation.

The options are as follows:

-d  Attempt to remove directories as well as other types of files.

-f  Attempt to remove the files without prompting for confirmation, regardless of the file's permissions. If the file does not exist, do not display a diagnostic message or modify the exit status to reflect an error. The -f option overrides any previous -i options.

-i  Request confirmation before attempting to remove each file, regardless of the file's permissions, or whether or not the standard input device is a terminal. The -i option overrides any previous -f options.

-I  Request confirmation once if more than three files are being removed or if a directory is being recursively removed. This option only applies when the rm utility is run in the foreground. This is a far less intrusive option than -i yet provides almost the same level of protection against mistakes.

-P  Overwrite regular files before deleting them. Files are overwritten three times, first with the byte pattern 0xff, then 0x00, and then 0xff again, before they are deleted.

    A file with a link count greater than one will neither be overwritten nor removed, and a warning will be issued.

-R  Attempt to remove the file hierarchy rooted in each file argument. The -R option implies the -d option. If the -i option is specified, the user is prompted for confirmation before each directory's contents are processed (as well as before the attempt is made to remove the directory). If the user does not respond affirmatively, the file hierarchy rooted in that directory is skipped.

-r  Equivalent to -R.

-v  Be verbose when deleting files, showing them as they are removed.

-W  Attempt to undelete the named files. Currently, this option can only be used to recover files covered by whiteouts.

-x  When removing a hierarchy, don't cross mount points.

The rm utility removes symbolic links, not the files referenced by the links.

It is an error to attempt to remove the files “”. or “..”.

When the utility is called as unlink, only one argument, which must not be a directory, may be supplied. No options may be supplied in this simple mode of operation, which performs an unlink(2) operation on the passed argument.

The rm utility exits 0 if all of the named files or file hierarchies were removed, or if the -f option was specified and all of the existing files or file hierarchies were removed. If an error occurs, rm exits with a value >0.

If rm receives a SIGINFO (see the status argument for stty(1)) signal, the current file or directory being removed will be written to standard error.

NOTE
The rm command uses getopt(3) to parse its arguments, which allows it to accept the ‘--’ option which will cause it to stop processing flag options at that point. This will allow the removal of file names that begin with a dash (‘-’). For example:
    rm -- -filename
The same behavior can be obtained by using an absolute or relative path reference. For example:
    rm /home/user/-filename
    rm ./-filename

COMPATIBILITY
The rm utility differs from historical implementations in that the -f option only masks attempts to remove non-existent files instead of masking a large variety of errors. The -v option is non-standard and its use in scripts is not recommended.

Also, historical BSD implementations prompted on the standard output, not the standard error output.

SEE ALSO
chflags(1), rmdir(1), undelete(2), unlink(2), fts(3), getopt(3), symlink(7)

STANDARDS
The rm command conforms to p1003.2.

The simplified unlink command conforms to susv2.

HISTORY
A rm command appeared in AT&T UNIX.

BUGS
The -P option assumes that the underlying file system is a fixed-block file system. UFS(5) is a fixed-block file system, LFS is not. In addition, only regular files are overwritten, other types of files are not. Hardlinked regular files will not be overwritten or removed, possibly leading to unintended behavior. It is arguable which is the MORE unintended behavior.